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Human · Randomized trial · 2023-06-26
Randomized phase 2 retatrutide obesity trial
A randomized, blinded trial compared retatrutide with placebo for weight loss over 48 weeks.
Population, studied exposure & key finding
- Population
- 338 adults with obesity, or overweight plus a weight-related condition, participated.
- Studied dose & duration
- In this 48-week, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial, adults were assigned subcutaneous retatrutide once weekly at target doses of 1, 4, 8, or 12 mg, or placebo. The 4-mg groups began at 2 or 4 mg; the 8-mg groups at 2 or 4 mg; the 12-mg group at 2 mg. These are studied arms, not personal dosing advice.
- Finding
- At 48 weeks, average weight loss was 24.2% in the highest-dose group versus 2.1% with placebo.
Abstract summarized · Verified intervention · Summary quality not appraised
Human · Randomized trial · 2005-12-13
Early controlled human study of long-acting CJC-1295
Two randomized, double-blind trials compared long-acting CJC-1295 with placebo, measuring growth hormone, IGF-I and drug-processing characteristics.
Population, studied exposure & key finding
- Population
- Healthy adults aged 21–61 were studied for 28 and 49 days. The abstract does not report participant numbers.
- Studied dose & duration
- Across two placebo-controlled healthy-adult trials lasting 28 and 49 days, CJC-1295 was injected subcutaneously as a single dose or on weekly or biweekly multiple-dose schedules. The abstract highlights 30 or 60 microg/kg, but does not link either amount to a specific schedule or list every ascending dose.
- Finding
- After a single injection, average growth hormone rose 2- to 10-fold for at least six days and IGF-I rose 1.5- to 3-fold for 9–11 days. After repeated administration, IGF-I remained above baseline for up to 28 days. No serious adverse reactions were reported.
Abstract summarized · Intervention candidate · Summary quality not appraised
Human · Randomized trial · 2001-12-01
Human testosterone dose-response experiment
A randomized dose-response experiment compared five testosterone-enanthate groups over 20 weeks after suppressing participants' natural testosterone production. Energy and protein intake were standardized.
Population, studied exposure & key finding
- Population
- 61 healthy men aged 18–35 participated; all received a hormone-suppressing treatment plus one of the testosterone regimens.
- Studied dose & duration
- For 20 weeks, 61 healthy young men received monthly injections of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist to suppress their own testosterone production and were randomized to weekly injections of 25, 50, 125, 300, or 600 mg testosterone enanthate. The abstract does not specify the testosterone injection route or a placebo arm.
- Finding
- Fat-free mass increased 3.4, 5.2 and 7.9 kg in the three higher-dose groups. Higher testosterone concentrations correlated with greater muscle size, strength, power and hemoglobin, but lower HDL cholesterol. Sexual function, cognition, mood and prostate-specific antigen did not significantly change.
Abstract summarized · Intervention candidate · Summary quality not appraised
Human · Randomized trial · 1996-07-01
Landmark randomized testosterone and resistance-training experiment
Randomized trial comparing weekly testosterone enanthate or placebo, each with or without standardized resistance training.
Population, studied exposure & key finding
- Population
- Forty-three normal men received 600 mg testosterone enanthate or placebo weekly for 10 weeks; exercise groups lifted three times weekly.
- Studied dose & duration
- In this 10-week randomized study of 43 men, the testosterone groups received injections of 600 mg testosterone enanthate once weekly; comparator groups received placebo injections. Exercise groups also performed standardized weight-lifting three times weekly. This describes the study intervention, not a recommended regimen.
- Finding
- Testosterone plus exercise increased fat-free mass by 6.1 kg; bench-press strength rose 22 kg and squat capacity 38 kg. Testosterone without exercise also outperformed placebo for measured muscle size and strength. Mood and behavior were unchanged.
Abstract summarized · Intervention candidate · Summary quality not appraised
Human · Controlled study · 1990-07-01
Foundational human growth-hormone body-composition study
A controlled study observed older men for six baseline months, then compared growth-hormone treatment with no treatment for six months.
Population, studied exposure & key finding
- Population
- 21 healthy men aged 61–81 with low IGF-I participated: 12 received growth hormone and nine received no treatment.
- Studied dose & duration
- For six months, 12 men received approximately 0.03 mg/kg of biosynthetic human growth hormone by subcutaneous injection three times weekly. Nine men received no treatment. These are the studied exposures in this older-men study, not a recommended regimen.
- Finding
- In treated men, lean mass increased 8.8 percent, fat mass decreased 14.4 percent and lumbar-spine bone density increased 1.6 percent. Forearm and upper-femur bone density did not significantly change. Skin thickness increased, but the reported result was not statistically significant. Untreated men had no significant changes in these measures.
Abstract summarized · Intervention candidate · Summary quality not appraised
Human · Animal · Randomized trial · 2026-09-05
Randomized animal experiment comparing testosterone propionate injections in male pigeons with vehicle injections.
Population, studied exposure & key finding
- Population
- White Mirthys and Egyptian Baladi pigeons, with 27 adult pairs per breed. The abstract does not state the overall study duration.
- Studied dose & duration
- Not extracted or not reported in the reviewed source.
- Finding
- Testosterone increased circulating testosterone and aggression, while parental feeding fell to nearly zero. Offspring mortality was higher in White Mirthys, especially at the higher dose, but remained unchanged in Baladi. The interval between hatching and laying shortened only in the higher-dose Baladi group.
Abstract summarized · Intervention candidate · Summary quality not appraised
Human · Randomized trial · 2026-07-30
A double-blind randomized phase 2 trial tested oral zenagamtide versus placebo for glucose control.
Population, studied exposure & key finding
- Population
- 186 adults with type 2 diabetes taking metformin, with or without an SGLT2 inhibitor.
- Studied dose & duration
- Daily oral treatment titrated to 6, 25 or 50 mg; 36-week intervention.
- Finding
- Estimated HbA1c reductions were 0.9, 1.3 and 1.4 percentage points; placebo-adjusted differences were 0.5, 0.99 and 1.09 points. Gastrointestinal events affected 26%, 41% and 47%, versus 23% with placebo. Seven active-treatment participants had serious adverse events; none were reported with placebo.
Abstract summarized · Verified intervention · Summary quality not appraised
Human · Randomized trial · 2026-06-06
Randomized, double-blind phase 3 trial compared weekly retatrutide with placebo for 40 weeks. The primary outcome was HbA1c, a blood-sugar marker; weight change was secondary.
Population, studied exposure & key finding
- Population
- 537 adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by diet and exercise alone were randomized.
- Studied dose & duration
- Not extracted or not reported in the reviewed source.
- Finding
- HbA1c fell 1·69–1·94 percentage points across retatrutide groups versus 0·81 with placebo. Weight fell 11·5–15·3% versus 2·6%. Gastrointestinal events were generally mild or moderate; adverse-event discontinuations were 2–5% versus 0%. No severe low blood sugar occurred. Two deaths were judged unrelated to treatment.
Abstract summarized · Verified intervention · Summary quality not appraised
Human · Randomized trial · 2026-03-02
BELIEVE, a randomized phase 2 trial, tested bimagrumab and semaglutide alone or combined for obesity. Common adverse events included gastrointestinal symptoms, muscle spasms and acne.
Population, studied exposure & key finding
- Population
- 507 adults with obesity, or overweight with complications, without diabetes; nine treatment groups.
- Studied dose & duration
- 48 weeks: bimagrumab 10 or 30 mg/kg intravenously every 12 weeks after loading; semaglutide 1.0 or 2.4 mg subcutaneously weekly; combinations or placebo.
- Finding
- At 48 weeks, high-dose combination versus semaglutide 2.4 mg: weight −17.8 versus −14.2 kg; fat mass −15.6 versus −9.6 kg; DXA lean mass −1.3 versus −3.9 kg (treatment-regimen estimates).
Full paper summarized · Intervention candidate · Summary quality not appraised
Human · Randomized trial · 2026-01-20
A blinded, randomized phase 1 trial evaluated eloralintide's safety, tolerability, drug exposure and effects in adults with overweight or obesity.
Population, studied exposure & key finding
- Population
- 100 participants at three US centres averaged 44 years of age and a body mass index of 32.6; 29% were female.
- Studied dose & duration
- Weekly subcutaneous eloralintide or placebo for 12 weeks, without dose escalation within participants. Five dose cohorts were studied; the abstract identifies a 6 mg cohort but does not list all doses.
- Finding
- Weight decreased 2.6–11.3% across eloralintide groups; the abstract provides no placebo-adjusted weight estimate. Events included decreased appetite, headache, fatigue and gastrointestinal symptoms, mostly mild. No deaths occurred; one serious event in the 6 mg cohort was considered unrelated.
Abstract summarized · Intervention candidate · Summary quality not appraised
Human · Randomized trial · 2025-12-01
A double-blind phase 2 study tested zervimesine safety and exploratory efficacy in Lewy body dementia.
Population, studied exposure & key finding
- Population
- 130 randomized adults aged 50–85 with probable mild-to-moderate Lewy body dementia; 109 completed the study.
- Studied dose & duration
- Zervimesine 100 mg, 300 mg or placebo over 26 weeks.
- Finding
- Exploratory outcomes showed favorable trends. Adverse-event discontinuations were 4.5% with 100 mg, 16.3% with 300 mg and 4.8% with placebo.
Abstract summarized · Verified intervention · Summary quality not appraised
Human · Randomized trial · 2025-11-06
A phase 2, double-blind randomized trial tested eloralintide versus placebo for weight management. The primary outcome was percentage bodyweight change at 48 weeks.
Population, studied exposure & key finding
- Population
- 263 adults aged 18–75 had obesity, or overweight with a weight-related condition, without type 2 diabetes.
- Studied dose & duration
- Weekly subcutaneous eloralintide for 48 weeks: 1, 3, 6 or 9 mg, or escalation from 6 to 9 or 3 to 9 mg; comparator: placebo.
- Finding
- Mean weight loss was 9%, 12%, 18% and 20% at 1, 3, 6 and 9 mg; escalation groups lost 20% and 16%, versus 0.4% with placebo. Nausea and fatigue were the most common adverse events.
Abstract summarized · Intervention candidate · Summary quality not appraised