Aromatase inhibitors as endocrine modulators: from breast cancer therapy to male off-label use and doping practice.

Studied

A review of aromatase inhibitors and their hormone, health and performance effects in men.

Who / model

Clinical and experimental research in male populations, including adolescent boys. The abstract gives no pooled sample size or follow-up duration.

Studied dose & schedule

Dose and schedule have not yet been extracted for this summary.

Found

Estrogen generally fell and testosterone rose, but responses varied. Testosterone increases tended to reverse after stopping and did not consistently improve sexual function, physical performance or reported well-being.

Limits

Most studies did not systematically assess men previously exposed to anabolic steroids. Long-term effects of estrogen deprivation in adolescents remain uncertain.

Read summary source ↗ · Prepared 9/15/2026 · AI-assisted, source-based summary