SOURCE-LINKED STUDY SUMMARY
Menopause hormone therapy and type 2 diabetes risk and prognosis: systematic review and meta-analyses
Full paper summarizedQuality not appraised
- What was studied
- A systematic review assessed menopause hormone therapy and glucose metabolism.
- Who / model studied
- 49 articles, including randomized trials and cohorts, reported 1,472,277 participants in or after the menopause transition.
- Studied dose & schedule
- Estrogen alone, combined hormone therapy or tibolone versus placebo or no therapy. Doses and routes varied; there was no single pooled regimen.
- What the study found
- Fasting insulin and insulin resistance were modestly lower. New diabetes risk ratio was 0.83 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.92), with very-low-certainty evidence. In women with diabetes, HbA1c was lower by 0.50 percentage points, also very-low-certainty evidence.
- Limitations & context
- Diabetes-incidence evidence was mainly observational and vulnerable to healthy-user bias. Many studies had high risk of bias. These associations do not establish hormone therapy as diabetes prevention or replace an individual benefit-risk assessment.
Read summary source ↗ · Prepared 9/29/2026 · AI-assisted, source-based summary
Review record & corrections
Summary prepared: . Source scope: full paper. This is an AI-assisted source summary, not an independent clinician sign-off.
No public field-by-field revision history is available for this card yet. The date above is the summary date, not proof that every field was updated then.
Inspect the source · Correction policyResearch findings apply to the population and conditions studied. This educational summary is not a treatment recommendation or a formal assessment of study quality.
Original publication ↗ · DOI: 10.1007/s00125-026-06856-6