Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.
An Endocrine Society task force updated its clinical practice guideline on diagnosing, treating, and monitoring hypogonadism in men.
Testosterone and androgen research
Explore testosterone trials, clinical guidance and anabolic-androgenic steroid evidence with their populations and limitations kept in view.
Keep replacement and performance studies separate
A study in people with clinically low testosterone answers a different question from an experiment using high doses in healthy volunteers. Check baseline hormone status, exposure and eligibility before generalizing a result.
Read benefits alongside harms
Muscle size, strength, symptoms, fertility and cardiovascular events are separate outcomes. A short experiment cannot establish long-term safety, and a clinical guideline should be read as a dated synthesis rather than a single treatment trial.
Testosterone and muscle: the evidence guide
Compare human trial results, training effects and replacement therapy, with charts and links to the primary sources.
Start with these studies
The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men.
Randomized trial comparing weekly testosterone enanthate or placebo, each with or without standardized resistance training.
Testosterone dose-response relationships in healthy young men.
A randomized dose-response experiment compared five testosterone-enanthate groups over 20 weeks after suppressing participants' natural testosterone production. Energy and protein intake were standardized.
Analysis of reproductive behavior in male pigeons in the White Mirthys and Egyptian Baladi breeds injected with testosterone propionate.
Randomized animal experiment comparing testosterone propionate injections in male pigeons with vehicle injections.
Testosterone treatment to prevent or revert type 2 diabetes in men enrolled in a lifestyle programme (T4DM): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-year, phase 3b trial.
T4DM: double-blind randomized phase 3b trial tested testosterone added to a lifestyle programme for diabetes prevention or reversal.
Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16/8) on basal metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors in resistance-trained males.
This randomized study tested whether an eight-hour daily eating window changes body composition, strength, metabolism and biomarkers during resistance training.
Oral enclomiphene citrate raises testosterone and preserves sperm counts in obese hypogonadal men, unlike topical testosterone: restoration instead of replacement.
Two randomized, double-blind, double-dummy phase III studies compared two oral enclomiphene doses with topical testosterone gel; the studies were placebo-controlled.
A Randomized Prospective Double-Blind Comparison Trial of Clomiphene Citrate and Anastrozole in Raising Testosterone in Hypogonadal Infertile Men.
This randomized double-blind trial compared clomiphene citrate with anastrozole for raising testosterone in hypogonadal infertile men.
Effects of testosterone and progressive resistance exercise in healthy, highly functioning older men with low-normal testosterone levels.
A randomized study examined testosterone supplementation, progressive resistance training and their effects on function, strength and body composition in older men.
Five-year outcomes after oxandrolone administration in severely burned children: a randomized clinical trial of safety and efficacy.
A single-center randomized trial compared one year of oxandrolone with placebo after severe burns, with follow-up for up to four years after therapy. Exercise versus standard care was separately randomized.
Effect of testosterone supplementation with and without a dual 5α-reductase inhibitor on fat-free mass in men with suppressed testosterone production: a randomized controlled trial.
A randomized trial tested whether blocking testosterone conversion to DHT changes gains in fat-free mass and strength.
Adverse events associated with testosterone administration.
Randomized trial comparing daily testosterone gel with placebo for 6 months, with adverse events and physical performance assessed.