Explore human and preclinical research on training, tissue repair, muscle performance and recovery.
Less soreness, a healed tendon, more repetitions and return to sport are not interchangeable endpoints. Read the measurement and follow-up before treating a favorable result as evidence for recovery in everyday training.
Animal or cell findings can suggest a mechanism to test. They do not supply a human benefit estimate or a personal dosing protocol. Small human trials also need replication and careful attention to which outcomes were prespecified.
A blinded, randomized trial tested urolithin A against placebo for walking ability, muscle endurance and cellular energy production.
A controlled study observed older men for six baseline months, then compared growth-hormone treatment with no treatment for six months.
Double-blind randomized trial tested whether creatine changes DHT, testosterone or directly measured scalp-hair health.
A randomized trial tested whether four weeks of creatine monohydrate accelerated recovery from elbow-flexor damage induced by eccentric exercise.
This preregistered randomized crossover trial tested whether creatine improved working memory, abstract reasoning and eight exploratory cognitive outcomes.
A two-year randomized trial tested whether creatine added to resistance training and walking improved bone and physical outcomes in postmenopausal women.
A randomized proof-of-concept trial tested whether daily urolithin A could improve muscle strength, exercise performance, and mitochondrial-health biomarkers in middle-aged adults; peak power output was the prespecified primary endpoint.
A retrospective chart review explored reported knee-pain relief after BPC 157, alone or with thymosin-beta-4 (TB4). This was not a randomized treatment comparison.
A double-blind crossover trial tested a single creatine dose during sleep deprivation, using cognitive tests and brain spectroscopy.
This uncontrolled pilot assessed compounded BPC-157 for symptoms of interstitial cystitis after pentosan polysulfate treatment failure.
A walnut-intake study measured stool metabolites and explored their relationship with the microbial metabolite urolithin A.
Researchers used physician-checked automated extraction of US clinical notes from 2020–2026 to describe BPC-157 use and reported outcomes.