Explore cardiovascular safety signals without treating case reports, observational associations and randomized safety trials as interchangeable.
Browse the studiesRead the exact compound, formulation, population and exposure.
Look for comparator groups, confounding and absolute event counts.
Do not extrapolate replacement-trial safety to higher or combined exposures.
Selected from the completed-summary collection, not a systematic review or exhaustive literature search. Human reports appear first; reviews and preclinical work retain their labels.
T4DM: double-blind randomized phase 3b trial tested testosterone added to a lifestyle programme for diabetes prevention or reversal.
Abstract assessment. Hematocrit increases may limit treatment; longer-term durability, cardiovascular effects and safety remain unresolved.
A single-center randomized trial compared one year of oxandrolone with placebo after severe burns, with follow-up for up to four years after therapy. Exercise versus standard care was separately randomized.
No author-stated limitations were available in the abstract. This was a single-center pediatric burn study, with exercise also influencing muscle outcomes.
Randomized trial comparing daily testosterone gel with placebo for 6 months, with adverse events and physical performance assessed.
The authors cautioned that the small trial and its medically complex, mobility-limited population prevent broad conclusions about testosterone safety.
Two studies examined anabolic-steroid exposure and blood lipids: an unblinded comparison of self-selected users and nonusers, and a randomized, double-blind nandrolone-versus-placebo trial.
The effect of nandrolone-related lipoprotein(a) changes on atherosclerosis remains unestablished. Lipid-marker changes alone do not demonstrate cardiovascular benefit.
A longitudinal cohort examined cardiac changes after continued or discontinued steroid use.
Observational associations cannot prove universal recovery or benefit from a protective medication protocol. Small cessation subgroup and nonrandom exposure limit inference. Abstract-based assessment.
This observational cardiac-MRI study compared heart structure and function across non-athletes, strength-endurance athletes, and strength athletes with or without reported AAS use.
This cross-sectional comparison relied on reported AAS use and cannot establish causality. Specific drug exposure and clinical events were not evaluated.
An observational study examined relationships between testosterone, gender-minority stress and blood-pressure responses to brief physical and psychological stress.
Study limitations were not stated in the abstract. Methodological quality has not been appraised.
This cross-sectional study assessed left-ventricular function, mass and myocardial fibrosis in current and former illicit AAS users versus non-users.
Abstract assessment: the cross-sectional design cannot establish causation or individual recovery. No focal fibrosis was detected, and diffuse fibrosis did not differ among groups.
A case report described severe heart failure alongside nonprescription testosterone and aromatase-inhibitor use and an underlying genetic finding.
Study limitations were not stated in the abstract. Methodological quality has not been appraised.
A systematic review examined mortality, cardiovascular disease and cardiac function after anabolic-androgenic steroid use.
Residual confounding, different follow-up and few cohorts prevent a causal or compound-specific risk estimate. Cardiovascular event estimates came from one large cohort. Former-user comparisons do not establish an individual recovery trajectory.
This Endocrine Society clinical-practice guideline addressed evaluation and treatment of androgen-deficiency syndromes in adult men.
The panel advised against starting therapy with breast or prostate cancer, high hematocrit, severe untreated sleep apnea, severe urinary symptoms, or poorly controlled heart failure.