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YK-11

Findings, possible implications, and reported experiences.

About YK-11

Small moleculeMuscle & performance

Primary research area: Androgen receptor · muscle-cell research
Regulatory status: Research only
Evidence level: Cell / preclinical
Primary mechanism: Androgen-receptor modulator studied in muscle precursor cells

Reference profile available · Coverage varies by section

Also known as YK11

YK-11 is an experimental androgen-receptor modulator. A laboratory study examined how it affected differentiation of mouse muscle precursor cells and follistatin expression. [1]

What has been observed?

Selected source-linked reading notes, not the complete literature or a pooled conclusion.

Cell / tissue · Reading scope not recorded

Does YK-11’s follistatin signal demonstrate human muscle growth?

In mouse-derived C2C12 cells, YK11 increased follistatin expression and myogenic differentiation. Blocking follistatin reduced that response.

Limits: Cell differentiation is not a measured increase in human muscle mass or strength. Exposure and downstream effects in people remain separate questions.

Open primary source · Read interpretation separately

Explore outcomes for this compound

Uses & research: The cited research concerns muscle-cell signaling in C2C12 cells. It is mechanistic evidence, not a human muscle-gain trial. [1]
Known half-life: No source-verified value in this profile yet. A treatment schedule or duration of an effect is not a drug half-life.
Half-life describes how quickly the measured drug concentration falls by half. It does not set a dosing interval.
Evidence & important limits: This cell study does not establish a human half-life, effective human dose, expected gains or safety. Those gaps cannot be filled from the mechanism alone. [1]

Safety & evidence boundaries

Source-specific information, not a personal safety clearance or monitoring plan.

This cell study does not establish a human half-life, effective human dose, expected gains or safety. Those gaps cannot be filled from the mechanism alone.

Kanno et al., YK-11 and follistatin (2013)

Explore safety questions by system

These are literature filters, not claims that this compound causes each effect. A keyword match is not a confirmed adverse reaction.

Heart, blood pressure & lipids Liver injury Kidney function Glucose effects Reproductive & endocrine effects Mood & sleep Adverse effects & interactions

Interactions, rare harms, long-term effects and reversibility require separate evidence. Do not infer they are absent when the sources here do not address them.

Identity, names & formulations

Canonical compound: YK-11 · yk11

Searchable names: YK11

Names share a parent research page. Different esters, salts, routes and brands are not assumed to have the same half-life, indication or exposure.

Combination evidence stays attached to the studied combination. It is not automatically assigned to each ingredient.

Understand the evidence types

Read the model and design first, then the population, outcome and limitations. These categories describe evidence, not a best-compound ranking.

Randomized human trials: Compare assigned interventions. Randomization does not by itself establish low bias or relevance to every population.
Controlled human studies: Use a comparison group; allocation and confounding still matter.
Prospective human research: Follows participants forward. It may be observational or interventional, so this is not a separate quality grade.
Observational human research: Describes associations. Confounding can explain differences.
Case reports and series: Useful for unusual events and safety signals, not reliable rates or effect sizes.
Animal research: Can test biology and function in a living model. Human exposure, benefit and safety remain separate questions.
Cell and tissue research: Tests responses in a preparation, including human-derived cells. It is not a human participant trial.
Mechanistic and computational evidence: Helps explain or predict a pathway; predictions need experimental and clinical testing.
Anecdotal reports: Self-reported experiences can generate questions. Product identity, selection bias and other interventions may be uncontrolled.

Systematic reviews synthesize studies and depend on their quality. Preprint status and abstract versus full-paper reading are separate labels. Citation popularity measures attention, not reliability. A study summary is not a formal quality appraisal.

Sources for this profile

1. Kanno et al., YK-11 and follistatin (2013) Study abstract · mouse muscle cells

Reference facts checked 2026-09-16. Source scope is listed above; this is not a formal quality appraisal. See each label for full prescribing information.

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Research outcomeResearch model

Study model describes the source. Confidence depends on methods, replication, population and outcome.

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